BS ISO/IEC 9579-1-1993 信息技术.开式系统互连.远程数据库存取.通用型号、服务及协议
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【英文标准名称】:Informationtechnology.Opensystemsinterconnection.Remotedatabaseaccess.Genericmodel,serviceandprotocol
【原文标准名称】:信息技术.开式系统互连.远程数据库存取.通用型号、服务及协议
【标准号】:BSISO/IEC9579-1-1993
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:1994-04-15
【实施或试行日期】:1994-04-15
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:数据库;应用层(开放系统互连);合格;数据传输;开放系统互连;信息交流;数据处理;通信规程;计算机间通信;远程处理
【英文主题词】:teleprocessing;datatransmission;protocols;databases;datatransfer;dataprocessing;informationexchange;computer-computercommunications;communicationprocedures;applicationlayer(osi);opensystemsinterconnection;conformity;computersoftware
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:L79
【国际标准分类号】:35_100_50
【页数】:168P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforFluoridesinWorkplaceAtmospheres
【原文标准名称】:工作场所大气中氟化物的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD4765-1998
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1998
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:职业安全;试验;含量测定;保健;空气;氟
【英文主题词】:air;healthprotection;testing;fluorine;occupationalsafety;determinationofcontent
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:Z15
【国际标准分类号】:13_040_30
【页数】:4P;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforPerformingValueAnalysis(VA)ofBuildingsandBuildingSystemsandOtherConstructedProjects
【原文标准名称】:对建筑物、建筑系统以及其他构筑物进行价值分析的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTME1699-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2010
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E06.81
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:buildingeconomics;functionanalysis;life-cyclecosting;valueanalysis;valueengineering;Buildingdesignandconstruction;Buildingeconomics;Functionanalysis;Life-cyclecost(LCC)analysis;Valueanalysis(VA);VATL(valueanalysisteamleader)
【摘要】:PerformVAduringtheplanning,design,andconstructionphasesofaproject.Themosteffectiveapplicationofvalueanalysisisearlyinthedesignphaseofaproject.Changesorredirectioninthedesigncanbeaccommodatedwithoutextensiveredesignatthispoint,therebysavingtheowner/user/stakeholder''stimeandmoney.Duringtheearlieststagesofdesign,refertovalueanalysisasvalueplanning.Usetheproceduretoanalyzepredesigndocuments,forexample,programdocumentsandspaceplanningdocuments.Atthepredesignstage,performVAtodefinetheproject''sfunctions,andtoachieveconsensusontheproject''sdirectionandapproachbytheprojectteam,forexample,theowner,thedesignprofessional,theuser,andtheconstructionmanager.ByparticipatinginthisearlyVAexercise,membersoftheprojectteamcommunicatetheirneedstotheotherteammembersandidentifythoseneedsinthecommonlanguageoffunctions.Byexpressingtheprojectinthesetermsearlyinthedesignprocess,theprojectteamminimizesmiscommunicationandredesign,whicharecostlyinbothlaborexpendituresandscheduledelays.Alsoperformvalueanalysisduringschematicdesign(upto15%designcompletion),designdevelopment(upto45%designcompletion),andconstructiondocuments(upto100%designcompletion).ConductVAstudiesatseveralstagesofdesigncompletiontodefineorconfirmprojectfunctions,toverifytechnicalandmanagementapproaches,toanalyzeselectionofequipmentandmaterials,andtoassesstheproject''seconomicsandtechnicalfeasibility.PerformVAstudiesconcurrentlywiththeuser/owner''sdesignreviewschedulestomaintaintheprojectschedule.Throughtheschematicdesignanddesigndevelopmentstages,theVAteamanalyzesthedrawingsandspecificationsfromeachtechnicaldiscipline.Duringtheconstructiondocumentsstage,theVAteamanalyzesthedesigndrawingsandspecifications,aswellasthedetails,andequipmentselection,whicharemoreclearlydefinedatthislaterstage.Avalueanalysisstudyperformedata90to100%completionstage,justpriortobidding,concentratesoneconomicsandtechnicalfeasibility.Considermethodsofconstruction,phasingofconstruction,andprocurement.Thegoalsatthisstageofdesignaretominimizeconstructioncostsandthepotentialforclaims;analyzemanagementandadministration;andreviewthedesign,equipment,andmaterialsused.Duringconstruction,analyzevalueanalysischangeproposals(VACP)ofthecontractor.VACPsreducethecostordurationofconstructionorpresentalternativemethodsofconstruction,withoutreducingperformanceoracceptance.Atthisstagethealternativespresentedtotheowner/user/stakeholderarecalledvalueanalysischangeproposals.ToencouragethecontractortoproposeworthwhileVACPs,theownerandthecontractorsharetheresultantsavingswhenpermittedbycontract.ThenumberandtimingofVAstudiesvariesforeveryproject.Theowner/user/stakeholder,thedesignprofessional,andthevalueanalystdeterminethebestapproachjointly.Acomplexorexpensivefacility,oradesignthatwillbeusedrepeatedly,warrantsaminimumoftwoVAstudies,performedatthepredesignanddesigndevelopmentstages.1.1Thispracticecoversaprocedurefordefiningandsatisfyingthefunctionsofaproject.1.2Amultidisciplinaryteamusestheproceduretoconvertstakeholderconstraints,needs,anddesiresintodescriptionsofprojectfunctionsandthenrelatesthesefunctionstorevenuesandcost.1.3Examplesofcostsareallrelevantcostsoveradesignatedstudyperiod,includingthecostsofobtainingfunds,designing,purchasing/leasing,constructing/installing,operating,maintaining,repairing,replacinganddisposingoftheparticularbuildingdesignorsystem(seeTer......
【中国标准分类号】:P02
【国际标准分类号】:91_040_01
【页数】:6P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
